莫做股市“过动儿”
Posted by ck5354 | Labels: Investment Tips
By 冷眼
去年8月15日，我在这个专栏发表一篇题为“不动如山两年”的文章，劝告股票投资者，握紧他们的股票为期两年，以博取厚利。
当时，大马综合指数为1,100点，15个月后的今天，指数已升至1,500点，那些坚守“不动如山”策略的股友，已取得非常丰厚的盈利。
次贷金融海啸于2009年第一季触底时，大马综合指数约为850点，在回升至1,100点时，许多股票分析师认为经济的复苏不可靠，股市回升得太快，纷纷警告股市将回跌，因此劝告股友套利离场。
我不同意此种看法和做法，因此才提出“不动如山两年”的主张，我认为散户应充份利用复苏机会，赚取厚利，太早离场，错过赚取厚利良机，未免可惜，毕竟金融海啸，恐怕10年也不会再现。
我主张“不动如山”，是我认为这是最适合散户的策略，可以减低风险，而获利最丰。如果散户自作聪明，不断的在股市中抢进杀出，愈买愈高，风险也愈大，所获盈利，未必比“不动如山”更多，倒不如以静待动，坐享其成。
抢进杀出
更重要是抢进杀出，精神受尽焦虑的煎熬，情绪不稳，影响健康、工作效率和家庭生活，所付出的代价太大，即使赚到钱，也是得不偿失，倒不如“不动如山”，安安稳稳赚钱，逍逍遥遥过活。
许多人对股票投资，有一种错误的想法，认为在股市中买卖越活跃，赚钱就越多，动作与盈利成正比。实际上刚好相反，在股市中越活跃，越难赚钱，反而是动作越少的人，赚钱越易，股市“过动儿”赚钱的少之又少。
动作要少
在这一轮的金融海啸中，不少人在谷底时买到股票，但大部份都在股价略为回升时就套利离场，所赚有限，无法弥补熊市中的损失。
在卖出后眼巴巴的看着股价以大涨小回调的形式上升，才为之痛心疾首，徒呼负负。
反而是那些在谷底买进后就紧握股票至今的投资者，取得惊人的回酬，充份说明了动作越少越好，这种做法，表面上看起来是老土，实际上是大智若愚。
在过去一年多中，世界经济发生了几件惊天动地的大事，首先是迪拜的倒账，接着是欧洲债市的濒临崩溃，悲观的经济学家及预言家，纷纷发出了经济“双底”论，认为世界经济将出现W的势。
这些论调，使在次贷金融海啸中惊魂未定的投资者，风声鹤唳，不敢在股市久留，结果错过了赚钱良机。
预言只可参考不能尽信
现在，再也没有人提迪拜事件、欧洲债务危机了。当然也没有人再提“双底”衰退了。我为今旧事重提，难免有事后孔明之讥，实际上，我是要藉以说明两点：
1.是经济学家和股市预言家的预言，失准的次数远多於准确的次数，因此，只可用作参考，切不可尽信。
2.许多事件，其严重性被过份渲染，甚至以偏盖全，误导对经济和股市认识不深的投资者，使他们对将来的趋势，以及前景，作错误诠释，从而作出错误的判断，坐失投资良机。
是的，现在毕竟已事过境迁，多说於事无补，目前大家所关心的是：将来的经济和股市走向如何？投资者该怎样做？当美国道琼斯工业指数回升至11,444点，而大马股市指数突破1,500点时，投资者是否应继续留在股市？手中没有股票的人该不该进场？
我的主张是：
1.手中已有股票的，应“不动如山一年”，一年以后审时度势再行决定去留。
2.手中没有股票的，应把重点转移至第2线股价尚未大幅度窜升，而价值仍被低估的股票，买进后紧握不放，等待牛市的出现。
股市难测
我没有预测股市动向的能力，也不认为任何人有这种能力，因为股市是不可预测的。无数的人企图采用各种的“工具”，预测股市动向，成功的巴仙率低之又低。
通常股市分析师都言之有理，问题是股市根本是不可理喻，因此一切的预言，不妨作为参考，切忌全盘照收。在这种情形之下，我们根据什么进行投资？
答案是：根据股票的价值。
在买进的时候，一定要作好心理准备：我们是认为一个牛市正在浮现，但是，万一我们的预测失准，那么，我们现在所买进的股票，是否物有所值？是否有前途？
反败为胜
如果买价合理，而公司前途亮丽，盈利会持续上升。
那么，即使股市逆转，股价回调，我们所买的股票价值与日俱增，暂时蒙受亏损，将来仍有机会回升，仍有机会反败为胜。
如果听信似是而非的传言买进劣股的话，一旦股市逆转，股价暴跌后，因公司蒙受亏蚀而使股价长期不振，投资者就没翻身机会了。
在无法预测股市的情况下，以“价值”作为买进的原则，是较为可靠的方法。
在买进时，一定要问自己：万一股价暴跌，我有胆识买进更多同一只股票吗？
如果答案是“是”的话，则不妨买进，如果是“否”的话，则最好不要买进。不敢在股价暴跌后买进更多同一只股票，说明了你对该股没有信心，而没有信心是因为你认识不够，或是对该股前途没有信心，切勿投资於你认识不够及没有信心的股票，这是股票投资不可妥协的铁则。
不动如山
美国经济复苏的步伐，已更稳健，大马周边国家如印尼、泰国、菲律宾的股市在外资炒作下，屡创新高，外资会移师大马吗？大马利息低沉，游资充沛，原产品龙腾虎跃，产业市场炽热，股市会长期蛰伏不动吗？1993年的牛市会重演吗？
在没有人能斩钉截铁地回答这些问题的情况下，散户最好的避险策略，就是不动如山。不动如山多久？去年8月我提出“不动如山两年”，一年已过去了，我现在建议“不动如山一年”。
建议选股标准：
1.股价合理（本益比10倍以下）
2.盈利有增长（来年盈利可望比往年高）
3.债低，若债高则必须现金流平稳。
4.周息率高於银行定存利息。
5.行业景气走上坡。
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Keep Investing Simple and Safe
When is the best time to buy share?
Anytime really. You should track a list of high quality stocks.
Buy when the stock is selling at a bargain price, that is, when the risk of losing your capital is low or negligible and the return substantially higher. The good investors aim for high returns with minimal risk taking.
Is there a time when you should not be buying any stocks?
1. Generally, when the market is trading at a high valuation. There is always another time to buy the stock. Be patient.
2. However, if you are not knowledgeable in stock selection (QVM) and money management, you should not be investing directly in the stock market. You are better buying a mutual fund when the market is trading at low valuation or to park your fund with a personal fund manager. The stock market is a dangerous place for the uninitiated.
3. Avoid investing money in the stock if the money you invested may be needed urgently anytime or in a short time. Investing in the market should be for the longer term. There is too much uncertainties in the returns over a short time frame.
Is now a good time to buy stocks?
Anytime is a good time to buy stock.
Rather than timing the market, one should buy or sell base on the price of the stock offered by the market.
Even in the peak of the bull market, one can pick up some bargains. Of course, in the depth of a bear market, there are many good stocks selling at very low prices.
Is buy and hold, a safe strategy?
The recent severe downturn in the market brought this strategy into question once again. It is very safe for those who employs this strategy using certain criterias. It is safe for selected stocks.
These stocks should be of the highest quality (QVM). These stocks should be bought at a bargain price with a margin of safety.
The only time you may have to sell the stock urgently is when there is a fundamental deterioration in the business of the company. Other than this, you have the leisure of selling.
The market is cyclical. The bull-bear-bull-bear cycles ensure that the bull will always follows a bear and vice-versa.
Here are a selection of Malaysian stocks that have stood the test of time over at least 3 severe bear markets: Nestle, DLady, Petdag, Guinness, Petgas, PBB, PPB, Resorts.
There are also others too. At certain short period of time, each of these stocks may underperform but if assessed over a longer period of time, the returns have ALL been positive.
By minimising the downside and aiming only for modest returns, investing can be surprisingly rewarding for a large number of investors and with little effort.
How to maximise returns?
1. First, ensure that there is safety of your capital. Remember not to lose your capital. By ensuring that you do not lose money and aiming for moderate returns, you can maximise total returns too with low risk. Don't be greedy for high returns by taking unnecessarily high risks.
2. Stick to the few high quality stocks you are familiar with. This is the circle of competence mentioned by Buffett. Stay within your circle of competence and never, never, never, never, get out of this circle. :-) If your circle of competence is only 6 stocks, stick to these 6 stocks.
3. Only buy high quality stocks at bargain price. At a certain price, the stock is a bargain and at another price, it is trading at a fair price. Never, never, never buy these high quality stocks when it is trading at high price. By buying these good quality stocks at a bargain price, one is buying with a margin of safety to minimise loss to your capital in the event you got it wrong. At the same time, if the event turned out to be as you expected, your return will be greater.
4. Also do not over-diversify. According to Buffett, adding the 7th stock into your portfolio reduces the overall return of your portfolio. Bet big if you are very certain of your selection.
5. Allow the wonder of compounding to grow your return over a long period of time.
Investing can be very safe. Keep it simple and safe. (K.I.S.S.)
